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Routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) is an important aspect of WDM optical network design. Until very recently investigators took into account only the restrictions at the network layer when determining an optimal strategy for setting up lightpaths. Recently, with the increasing use of very long fibers in optical networks, researchers have identified the linear and non-linear impairments of optical signals at the physical level as another important restriction. This research will take both linear and non-linear impairments into account. This investigation tries to use existing tools (e.g., graph theoretic techniques, operations research and network flow programming) to determine whether a lightpath meets the quality of transmission requirements. It is expected that this will lead to better impairment aware RWA algorithms.